Expanding the concept of cities
When we think of "cities," we immediately refer to those established by state orders: the city-municipalities. But the reality is far more complex: most cities that ever exist in the world are run by private institutions. A private city is a dedicated or permanent human settlement that is administered, curated, or ruled by a private institution rather than by the state. Cities under the state, called municipalities, are a rare category; as very few dedicated human settlements would think about having a distinct government. Heller: business districts, gated communities, lifestyle destinations, mixed-use developments, and townships. Broadly, a city consists of at least a residential quarter and a commercial quarter. It is an incorporated city when it has state recognition in the form of business permits or registration certificates. When attempting to spot private cities, state-curated registration documents are effectively legal technicalities that may not accurately reflect ...